Research
437 COMMENTARY: How the Nutrition Food Label Was Developed, Part 1: The Nutrition Facts Panel
Christine Lewis Taylor, PhD, RD; Virginia L. Wilkening, MS, RD
443 CURRENT RESEARCH: Elevated Plasma Homocysteine and Low Vitamin B-6 Status in Nonsupplementing Older Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Kathleen Woolf, PhD, RD; Melinda M. Manore, PhD, RD
(See This Month in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association, page 405.)
454 APPLICATION: Assessment of Plasma Homocysteine and Vitamin B-6 Status in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Kimberly Thedford, MS, RD
455 CURRENT RESEARCH: Using Biomarker Data to Adjust Estimates of the Distribution of Usual Intakes for Misreporting: Application to Energy Intake in the US Population
Rivka Yanetz, MSc; Raymond J. Carroll, PhD; Kevin W. Dodd, PhD; Amy F. Subar, PhD, MPH, RD; Arthur Schatzkin, PhD; Laurence S. Freedman, PhD
(See This Month in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association, page 405.)
464 APPLICATION: A New Method for Estimating Dietary Energy Intake
Kimberly Thedford, MS, RD
465 CURRENT RESEARCH: Relative Validity of the Iowa Fluoride Study Targeted Nutrient Semi-Quantitative Questionnaire and the Block Kids’ Food Questionnaire for Estimating Beverage, Calcium, and Vitamin D Intakes by Children
Teresa A. Marshall, PhD, RD; Julie M. Eichenberger Gilmore, PhD, RD; Barbara Broffitt, MS; Phyllis J. Stumbo, PhD, RD; Steven M. Levy, DDS, MPH
This study investigated the relative validities of the Iowa Fluoride Study targeted nutrient semi-quantitative questionnaire and the Block Kids food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in assessing beverage, calcium, and vitamin D intakes using 3-day diaries for reference. Intakes of beverages, calcium, and vitamin D were determined for 352 children who completed the Iowa Fluoride Study nutrient questionnaire (n=223) and/or the Block Kids FFQ and 3-day diaries during similar time periods. Correlations between reported milk intakes from diaries and the Iowa Fluoride Study questionnaire were higher than correlations for 100% juice, juice drink, soda pop, and water, whereas correlations between reported milk intakes and 100% juice intakes and Block Kids FFQs were higher than correlations for other beverages. Correlations with diaries for reported calcium and vitamin D intakes were similar for both the Iowa Fluoride Study questionnaire and the Block Kids FFQ. The authors conclude that both tools provide reasonable estimates of milk, calcium, and vitamin D intakes when compared to 3-day diaries.
473 CURRENT RESEARCH: Country of Birth and Language Are Uniquely Associated with Intakes of Fat, Fiber, and Fruits and Vegetables among Mexican-American Women in the United States
Jennifer Karas Montez, MA, MS; Karl Eschbach, PhD
Previous research on the relationship between diet and acculturation among Hispanics has produced inconsistent results, so this study examined the association between diet, country of birth, and a language acculturation scale among Mexican-American women. This study used data from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey and its Cancer Control Module for 1,245 nonpregnant women of Mexican descent between 25 and 64 years of age residing in the United States. Analysis of the data showed that US-born women consumed fewer grams of fiber per day and a larger percentage of energy from fat than Mexican-born women. Greater English language usage was associated with decreased consumption of fiber and a decline in fruit and vegetable intake, with a greater decline for US-born women.
481 ANNOUNCEMENT: Free Member Benefit: Online Journal CPE
482 Continuing Medical Education Information
483 CURRENT RESEARCH: Dietary Supplement Use in Individuals Living with Cancer and Other Chronic Conditions: A Population-Based Study
Melissa Farmer Miller, PhD, MPH; Keith M. Bellizzi, PhD, MPH; Meryl Sufian, PhD; Anita H. Ambs, MPH; Michael S. Goldstein, PhD; Rachel Ballard-Barbash, MD, MPH
(This article has been approved for both Continuing Professional Education credit and Continuing Medical Education credit. The Continuing Professional Education Learning Need Codes for this article are 3000, 3100, 5000, and 5150.
(See This Month in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association, page 405.)
495 REVIEW: Complementary and Alternative Medicine and the Management of the Metabolic Syndrome
Jason M. Hollander, MD; Jeffrey I. Mechanick, MD
(This article has been approved for both Continuing Professional Education credit and Continuing Medical Education credit. The Continuing Professional Education Learning Need Codes for this article are 3000, 3100, 5000, 5160, 5190, and 5370.)
(See This Month in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association, page 405.)
510 PERSPECTIVES IN PRACTICE: Probiotics and Prebiotics in Dietetics Practice
Linda C. Douglas, PhD, RD; Mary E. Sanders, PhD
Probiotics and prebiotics share a unique role in human nutrition, largely centering on manipulation of populations or activities of the bacteria that colonize the human body. Benefits of regular consumption of probiotics and prebiotics include enhanced immune function, improved colonic integrity, decreased incidence and duration of intestinal infections, downregulated allergic response, and improved digestion and elimination. Currently, there is a need to consolidate the basic research on probiotics and prebiotics into useful tools for food and nutrition professionals. This article presents science- and practice-based guidelines designed to enhance clinician and client understanding of probiotics and prebiotics, with the aim of improving appropriate recommendation and informed use of these emerging dietary ingredients and the products containing them.
522 PERSPECTIVES IN PRACTICE: A Comparison of Food-Based Recommendations and Nutrient Values of Three Food Guides: USDA’s MyPyramid, NHLBI’s Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Eating Plan, and Harvard’s Healthy Eating Pyramid
Jill Reedy, PhD, MPH, RD; Susan M. Krebs-Smith, PhD, MPH, RD
The purpose of this research was to compare food-based recommendations and nutrient values of three food guides: the US Department of Agriculture’s MyPyramid; the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Eating Plan, and Harvard University’s Healthy Eating Pyramid. Estimates of nutrient values associated with following each of the food guides at the 2,000-calorie level were made using a composite approach. Nutrient estimates were compared to the Dietary Reference Intakes and other goals and limits. Recommendations were similar regarding almost all food groups for both the type and amount of foods. Although these food guides were derived from different types of nutrition research, they share consistent messages: eat more fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains; eat less added sugar and saturated fat; and emphasize plant oils.
529 RESEARCH AND PROFESSIONAL BRIEFS: Nutrient Intake from Multivitamin/Mineral Supplements Is Similar among Users from Five Ethnic Groups: The Multiethnic Cohort Study
Song-Yi Park, PhD; Suzanne P. Murphy, PhD, RD; Carrie L. Martin, MS, RD; Laurence N. Kolonel, MD, PhD
A multivitamin/mineral supplement is the most widely used type of dietary supplement among American adults. Therefore, accurate assessment of intake from this supplement is crucial when studying diet and chronic diseases. This study used data on multivitamin/mineral use among five ethnic groups—African Americans, Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans, Latinos, and whites—from the Multiethnic Cohort Study to calculate daily nutrient intakes from multivitamin/minerals based on the nutrient composition specified on the product label. Multivitamin/mineral use was reported by 50% of the participants. The median daily nutrient intakes from multivitamin/minerals among users were well above the Recommended Daily Allowance or Adequate Intake for vitamins A, B-6, B-12, and E, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, folate, and zinc. Although nutrient intakes from multivitamin/minerals varied widely among individuals, there was no substantial difference in the median intake across ethnic groups.
534 RESEARCH AND PROFESSIONAL BRIEFS: A Validation Study of Body Composition by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Positive and HIV-Negative Hispanic Men and Women
Janet E. Forrester, PhD; Heidi M. B. Sheehan, MA; Tracey H. Joffe, PhD
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a potentially useful tool for measuring body composition in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, it is not clear that equations derived in healthy non-Hispanic whites can be applied to people of other races or ethnicities who are infected with HIV. Body composition measures done by BIA, using the equations of Lukaski, were compared to measures of body composition derived from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in Hispanic men and women of Caribbean origin (predominantly Puerto Rican) with and without HIV infection. Compared to DXA, BIA provided accurate measures of fat-free mass in HIV-positive and HIV-negative Hispanic men. Fat-free mass by BIA compared to DXA was overestimated by 2.7 kg in the HIV-positive Hispanic women and by 3.4 kg in the HIV-negative women. The magnitude of the bias in fat-free mass was dependent on fat mass in both the men and the women.
539 RESEARCH AND PROFESSIONAL BRIEFS: Evaluation of a Computerized Food Frequency Questionnaire to Estimate Calcium Intake of Asian, Hispanic, and Non-Hispanic White Youth
Siew Sun Wong, PhD; Carol J. Boushey, PhD, MPH, RD; Rachel Novotny, PhD, RD; Deborah R. Gustafson, PhD
This study sought to evaluate a computerized food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that estimates calcium intake among Asian, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white youth. A computerized FFQ based on a list of 80 foods with corresponding food photos was evaluated for 4 consecutive weeks. The evaluation study consisted of computerized FFQs during weeks 1 and 4, and 24-hour dietary recalls during each of weeks 2 and 3. Participants were a convenience sample of 161 Asian, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white youth, age 11 to 18 years, living in northern Utah. The correlation of calcium intakes estimated by the first and second computerized FFQ, 1 month apart, was 0.72 for the total sample. The correlation of calcium intakes estimated by the second computerized FFQ and the mean of two 24-hour dietary recalls was 0.56 for the total sample. Correlations were also significant for males, females, 11- to 14-year-olds, 15- to 18-year-olds, Asians, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic whites. This computerized FFQ was found to be reliable in estimating calcium intake among a multiethnic youth population in the United States.
544 RESEARCH AND PROFESSIONAL BRIEFS: Measuring Energy Expenditure in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Are Portable Methods Valid and Acceptable?
Samira Fares; Michelle D. Miller, PhD; Stacey Masters, MSc; Maria Crotty
The objective of this study was to assess the validity and acceptability of a handheld indirect calorimeter for measurement of resting energy expenditure in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. Assessment of resting energy expenditure was performed in 48 healthy older adults under fasting conditions using the GEM (ventilated hood indirect calorimeter, NutrEn Technology Ltd, Cheshire, UK) and the MedGem (handheld indirect calorimeter, HealtheTech Inc, CO) and the results of each were compared. An eight-item self-administered survey was used to determine participants’ acceptance of the two measurement devices. The authors concluded that measurement of resting energy expenditure from the handheld indirect calorimeter used in this study is not acceptable for use in healthy older adults, based on both its lack of accuracy and the discomfort experienced by participants.
549 RESEARCH AND PROFESSIONAL BRIEFS: Risky Eating Behaviors of Young Adults—Implications for Food Safety Education
Carol Byrd-Bredbenner, PhD, RD, FADA; Jaclyn Maurer Abbot, PhD, RD; Virginia Wheatley, MPH; Donald Schaffner, PhD; Christine Bruhn, PhD, RD; Lydia Blalock, PhD
Young adults engage in risky eating behaviors like eating raw/undercooked foods of animal origin that put them at increased risk for foodborne disease. This study assessed the self-reported risky eating behaviors of 4,343 young adults enrolled in higher education as a part of a large-scale survey. Participants completed a risky eating questionnaire by indicating which of the foods listed they consumed, with each risky food earning one point and higher scores indicating more risky eating behaviors. Food safety knowledge and self-efficacy and stage of change for safe food handling were also assessed. Mean risky eating score indicated that young adults consumed risky foods. As stage of change and self-efficacy increased, risky eating score decreased, and those who believed food poisoning was a personal threat tended to eat fewer risky foods. The authors recommend increased efforts to improve current food-handling behaviors and self-efficacy through education to reduce prevalence of risky eating behaviors.
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